Political science and communication scholars in recent
decades have been preoccupied with an array of issues related to what might be
called the “epistemic well-being of democracy.” Worries about democracy’s
epistemic well-being motivate research warning, for example, of the increased
potential for cognitive biases to influence people’s worldviews in a
high-choice informational environment, the possibility that citizens might
intentionally or unintentionally use technology to sequester themselves into
“echo chambers” that do not expose them to challenges to their beliefs, and the
ability for misinformation to spread through new communications media with
unprecedented ease and quickness due to reduced barriers to entry. Of late, the
picture painted by commentators has tended to be highly pessimistic, with
numerous scholars and mainstream pundits voicing sentiments similar to those
expressed by Anya Schiffrin, who in a recent issue of the Journal of
International Affairs claims that “it does not seem an exaggeration to say
that disinformation spread by social media has undermined the functioning of
democracy globally.” (1)
While I agree with these scholars that the epistemic
well-being of democracy is of paramount normative importance and that it is
vital to try to understand the ways it is impacted by evolving communications
technologies, I also believe sweeping conclusions like Schiffrin’s are
premature. This is mainly because the empirical research agenda pursued by
scholars looking into the various topics cited above has so far tended to
overlook several key issues that need to be addressed before we can make any
strong conclusions about whether new communications technologies are
undermining democracy and which policy proposals are best suited to help us do
better. In my presentation, I’ll highlight the four issues I take to be most
important and sketch a couple rough ideas for empirical research I think might
go some way to shoring them up. As a theorist by training, I’d love to find a
collaborator or two with a stronger background in empirical
research/methodology if anyone is interested. Thanks in advance for all of your
time!
(1)
Schiffrin,
Anya (2017). “Disinformation and Democracy: The Internet Transformed Protest
but did not Improve Democracy.” Journal of International Affairs 71:1,
117-125.
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